Which of the following discharges is prohibited or restricted in U.S. coastal waters?

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Coastal waters are tightly regulated when it comes to pollution from ships. International MARPOL standards set discharge limits, but in U.S. coastal areas those rules are backed up by federal and local regulations that often prohibit discharges altogether or require strict conditions and proper treatment or disposal. So, discharging oil or oily mixtures, sewage, garbage, or other pollutants is either prohibited or restricted, and you must follow MARPOL and local rules. This is the best choice because it captures the required compliance mindset: you can’t dump these substances near shore without meeting specific standards and procedures. The other options imply allowances that don’t fit U.S. coastal practice, such as freely discharging sewage, unrestricted garbage disposal, or discharging oil that’s merely diluted.